What is Lupus? Overview of Symptoms, Causes, and Types

Understanding Lupus

Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can affect multiple systems in the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, and nervous system. For patients in Ann Arbor, MI, recognizing the signs of lupus, especially on the skin, is essential. At Fivenson Dermatology, Dr. David Fivenson provides advanced care for cutaneous lupus and participates in clinical research for new treatment options.

What Causes Lupus?

Lupus develops when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue, causing inflammation and tissue damage. While the exact cause is not known, contributing factors may include:

• Genetic predisposition

• Hormonal changes

• Environmental triggers (such as infections or sun exposure)

• Certain medications

Although lupus can affect anyone, it most commonly occurs in women between 15 and 45.

Common Symptoms of Lupus

Because lupus is a systemic disease, symptoms vary widely. Common signs include:

• Fatigue

• Joint pain or stiffness

• Fever

• Sensitivity to sunlight

• Rashes (especially on the face or other sun-exposed areas)

• Mouth or nose ulcers

• Hair thinning

• Swelling in the legs or around the eyes

In dermatology, lupus often presents as red, scaly patches or rashes that worsen with sun exposure. The butterfly-shaped facial rash is one of its classic signs.

Types of Lupus

Lupus is not a one-size-fits-all diagnosis. The condition can present in different forms:

• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Affects many body systems, including skin, joints, and organs.

• Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE): Involves the skin. Forms include discoid lupus and subacute cutaneous lupus.

• Drug-Induced Lupus: Triggered by certain medications and usually resolves once those drugs are stopped.

• Neonatal Lupus: A rare condition that affects infants born to mothers with certain lupus-related antibodies.

Diagnosing and Treating Lupus

Diagnosis typically includes a physical exam, lab tests for autoimmune markers, and sometimes a skin biopsy. Treatment is tailored to the type and severity of lupus and may involve:

• Topical treatments

• Systemic medications and immunosuppressants

• Biologics

• Photoprotection and sun avoidance strategies

• Phototherapy, when appropriate

Clinical Trials for Lupus of the Skin

Fivenson Dermatology also offers dermatology clinical trials for patients with cutaneous lupus. These paid research studies evaluate new medications and often require strict scheduling (typically within ±2–3 days), blood work, and a formal screening process. Participation is always voluntary. There is no cost to the patient, and you can withdraw anytime if it no longer fits your needs or schedule.

Putting Dermatologic Research Into Practice

At Fivenson Dermatology in Ann Arbor, MI, we’re committed to managing complex skin diseases like lupus through expert care and research-backed treatments. Call (734) 222-9630 to schedule an appointment with Dr. Fivenson and learn more about our approach to autoimmune skin care.